New research reveals that semaglutide, the medication marketed as Wegovy for obesity and Ozempic for diabetes, could be produced for as little as $3 per month, potentially revolutionising access for millions in lower-income countries. This revelation comes as the World Health Organization (WHO) designated semaglutide an essential medicine last year, underscoring its significance in the fight against obesity and diabetes.
The Potential for Mass Production
The recent analysis, published as a pre-print, indicates that the injectable form of semaglutide could be manufactured at a cost-effective price point, unlocking a vital resource for those suffering from obesity and type 2 diabetes. The study, led by experts from Liverpool University, suggests that oral formulations could be produced for approximately $16 a month.
Dr Andrew Hill, a prominent figure in the research, stated, “These low prices open the door to worldwide access to an essential medicine.” Such affordability could significantly impact healthcare systems, particularly in regions grappling with soaring rates of obesity and diabetes.
Patent Expirations and Global Access
The findings highlight that core patents for semaglutide are scheduled to expire in several countries, including Brazil, China, and India, starting from March 21 this year. This shift could pave the way for generic alternatives, increasing competition and further driving down prices. The research identified 160 countries where semaglutide patents had not been filed, encompassing most of Africa and regions with a high prevalence of diabetes—home to 69% of type 2 diabetes patients and 84% of individuals living with obesity.
Prof François Venter from Witwatersrand University remarked, “Drugs to treat HIV, TB, malaria and hepatitis are available in low- and middle-income countries for prices close to the cost of production, saving millions of lives. We can replicate this success story for semaglutide.”
Addressing Structural Challenges
While the potential for affordable semaglutide presents a promising opportunity, experts caution that lower prices alone cannot solve the underlying issues driving obesity. Factors such as food insecurity, poverty, and urbanisation must be addressed through coordinated policies and strategic procurement planning.
Dr Nomathemba Chandiwana, chief scientific officer at South Africa’s Desmond Tutu Health Foundation, emphasised the need for responsible integration of these treatments into broader health strategies. She noted that around 27% of adults globally could benefit from medications like semaglutide, with most residing in low- and middle-income countries where access remains a significant challenge.
The Rising Tide of Diabetes
The urgency of addressing obesity and diabetes is underscored by alarming statistics: the number of individuals living with diabetes surged from 200 million in 1990 to approximately 830 million in 2022, with the most dramatic increases occurring in low- and middle-income nations. Obesity is intricately linked to numerous health complications, including heart disease, stroke, and cancer, contributing to an estimated 3.7 million deaths annually.
Semaglutide was first approved by US regulators in 2017, yet its exorbitant monthly cost—around $200 in the United States and £120 in the UK—has limited its accessibility. While patents in the UK and Europe will not expire for another five years, the new research holds the promise of a more equitable healthcare landscape.
Why it Matters
The ability to manufacture semaglutide at a fraction of its current cost could drastically shift the paradigm of diabetes and obesity treatment, particularly in resource-limited settings. By ensuring that effective medications are available to those who need them most, global health equity can be advanced, ultimately saving countless lives and alleviating the burden of chronic diseases worldwide. As we stand on the brink of this potential transformation, it is crucial that governments and healthcare systems act swiftly to implement policies that support accessible treatment for all.