As demand for electricity escalates across North America, the Great Lakes region is poised to become a pivotal player in the clean energy landscape. With plans to deploy cutting-edge submersible hydroelectric generators, this freshwater haven aims to harness its unique waterways, promising sustainable energy solutions as traditional energy prices soar.
Harnessing Hydrokinetic Power
The Great Lakes, renowned for their vast freshwater resources, are home to major urban centres such as Chicago, Toronto, Montreal, and Detroit, which are experiencing a surge in electricity demand. Although the lakes themselves do not present significant currents or tides for hydropower, the rivers connecting them offer valuable opportunities for hydrokinetic energy generation.
In a significant development, the Ocean Renewable Power Company (ORPC) has announced its inaugural urban project on the St Lawrence River in Montreal. The initiative, set to launch later this year, will feature two innovative hydroelectric devices designed to exploit the river’s strong water flow.
“The St Lawrence River represents one of the most promising locations in North America for our technology, with its consistent, high-velocity water extending for miles,” stated ORPC CEO Stuart Davies. He highlighted the substantial resource potential in the Montreal area, estimating it at between 60 to 90 megawatts.
Expanding the Energy Landscape
The rise of marine power generation is not confined to the Great Lakes. Globally, there has been a notable increase in the efficiency and popularity of current and tidal-powered hydroelectric systems. For instance, the Sihwa Lake tidal power station in South Korea generates an impressive 550 GWh annually, equivalent to the energy produced from 862,000 barrels of oil.
In the United Kingdom, Orbital Marine Power has announced plans to introduce up to three O2-X tidal devices in Nova Scotia’s Bay of Fundy, further showcasing the global momentum behind marine energy solutions. Additionally, ORPC is preparing to embark on a second project along the Niagara River in Buffalo, New York, slated for commencement later this year.
As electricity prices continue to rise—exacerbated by recent rate increases approved by the New York public service commission—there is an urgent need for alternative energy sources. Residents in western New York, alongside those in Michigan and Ohio, are facing escalating electricity costs, prompting a search for sustainable solutions.
Addressing Environmental Concerns
Despite the potential benefits of hydrokinetic energy, the introduction of submersible turbines raises valid environmental concerns. With many aquatic species relying on the ecosystems of rivers like the St Lawrence and Niagara, ensuring the safety of wildlife is paramount. Anne KC McCooey of the Black Rock Riverside Alliance in Buffalo expressed cautious support, emphasising the need for responsible energy solutions that do not compromise the health of the environment.
ORPC maintains a strong commitment to environmental stewardship, citing successful deployments in Alaska that have not resulted in fish injuries. Moreover, the absence of saltwater in the Great Lakes reduces the risk of corrosion, which commonly affects ocean-based projects, potentially lowering operational costs and extending the lifespan of equipment.
Researchers are actively exploring solutions to harness energy from slower-moving water, exemplified by Michael Bernitsas from the University of Michigan, who is developing the Vivace technology. This innovative system can generate electricity even from water currents as gentle as half a metre per second, opening new avenues for energy generation in less dynamic environments.
The Future of Clean Energy
The landscape of renewable energy is shifting significantly, particularly in light of recent regulatory changes. The Trump administration’s decision to phase out federal subsidies for solar and wind energy has led to a renewed interest in marine energy solutions, with ORPC’s technology now enjoying a competitive edge. Investment and production tax credits for marine energy in the United States are set to remain until at least 2033, further incentivising development in this sector.
Davies noted that interest in their technology has surged, with inquiries coming from over 70 countries. “The biggest challenge has been raising awareness about our solutions, but there has been a notable change in perception over the last nine months,” he remarked.
Why it Matters
The Great Lakes’ transition to submersible hydroelectric technology signifies a crucial step towards a more sustainable energy future for North America. As traditional energy prices rise and environmental concerns mount, the adoption of innovative marine energy solutions could provide the necessary balance between meeting electricity demands and preserving vital ecosystems. This shift not only promises to empower local communities but also positions the Great Lakes as a leader in the global clean energy movement.
