In Madagascar, the optimism that surrounded the overthrow of the previous government has rapidly dissipated, giving way to disillusionment among the nation’s youth. Recent arrests of Gen Z activists have intensified concerns that the new military regime may be no better than the administration it replaced. The arrest of four prominent activists, following a protest demanding a timeline for elections, has ignited fears of a return to the corrupt practices of the past.
Arrests Spark Outrage
On 12 April, four activists—Herizo Andriamanantena, Miora Rakotomalala, Dina Randrianarisoa, and Nomena Ratsihorimanana—were detained after participating in a demonstration in Antananarivo. Their lawyer, Aliarivelo Maromanana, has stated that the activists face accusations of undermining state security and criminal conspiracy, charges they vehemently deny, asserting that no evidence has been presented against them.
The military regime, led by Colonel Michael Randrianirina, seized power in October 2025, following widespread protests by young people under the banner of Gen Z Madagascar. In a statement addressing the arrests, Randrianirina’s spokesperson, Harry Laurent Rahajason, claimed that the presidency is separate from police matters. While two activists were later released and taken to hospital, Herizo remains in custody, raising alarms about the treatment of dissenters under the new regime.
Disillusionment Grows Among Young Protesters
The initial jubilation following the ousting of former President Andry Rajoelina has turned to disappointment as young activists witness the continuation of old political dynamics. Many have expressed frustration over Randrianirina’s appointments, viewing them as indicative of the old guard’s resurgence. Economic reforms remain elusive, and the government’s growing ties with Russia have added to the unease.
Ketakandriana Rafitoson, a board member of Transparency International Madagascar, has voiced concerns regarding the regime’s respect for fundamental freedoms, noting that the recent protests were a crucial test for the new government—one it has failed. The situation has ignited widespread fears that the military regime is reverting to the oppressive tactics of its predecessor.
Calls for Reform and Accountability
The activism of the Gen Z movement has been instrumental in shaping demands for reform. Elliot Randriamandrato, a leader within Gen Z Madagasikara, has highlighted the lack of practical changes since the regime’s ascension, asserting that citizens are frustrated by the absence of visible progress. He has called for not only the announcement of an election date but also clarity on constitutional consultations, which he believes will address vital issues, including electoral reform that currently favours the wealthy.
Amidst these concerns, the regime has announced investigations into corruption, reportedly amounting to 3,811 billion ariary (£679 million). However, there is scepticism regarding the sincerity of these efforts, particularly given the military’s ties to foreign powers.
A Growing Influence of Foreign Powers
The military’s recent acquisition of military supplies from Russia, following Randrianirina’s visit to Moscow in February, has further complicated the political landscape. Shely Andriamihaja of Gen Z Madagasikara expressed alarm over the potential for foreign influence to undermine Madagascar’s sovereignty, echoing sentiments that resonate with many citizens wary of repeating past mistakes of colonial dependency.
The presence of Russian guards within Randrianirina’s security detail has raised eyebrows, prompting questions about the nature of international alliances being forged at the expense of national interests.
Why it Matters
The unfolding situation in Madagascar underscores the fragility of democratic progress in nations emerging from authoritarian rule. The arrests of young activists serve as a stark reminder of the challenges faced by those seeking genuine change. As the population grapples with a potential return to corruption and the influence of foreign powers, the resilience of its youth will be crucial in shaping the country’s future. The stakes are high, as Madagascar’s path forward hinges on the ability of its leaders to address the aspirations of its citizens while respecting their fundamental rights.
