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In recent weeks, South Africa has witnessed a surge in anti-immigrant protests, particularly in Benoni, east of Johannesburg, as demonstrators demand the expulsion of undocumented migrants from the country. This resurgence of xenophobic sentiment has left many immigrants feeling increasingly vulnerable, as they face escalating threats and violence amidst calls for mass deportations.
Escalation of Anti-Immigrant Protests
The protests, organised by the campaign group March & March, have gained significant traction, giving undocumented individuals until 30 June to leave South Africa. This ultimatum comes amid reports of violent xenophobic attacks, including the recent deaths of five Mozambican nationals at the hands of local South Africans. In Mossel Bay, two Mozambicans and a South African lost their lives during violent outbursts, further fueling fears among immigrant communities.
Hundreds of displaced individuals from Mozambique and Malawi sought refuge in Kleinmond’s town hall after threats from local crowds. Many are now appealing to their home governments for assistance in returning to their countries. Ghana has already begun arranging flights for its citizens, signalling a growing crisis for African migrants in South Africa.
Fear Among Immigrants
The atmosphere of intimidation has permeated immigrant communities, with many expressing feelings of “extreme fear.” An Ethiopian entrepreneur, who moved to South Africa in 2000, highlighted the desperation felt by migrants. “The sad part is it’s not because they are undocumented… But none of the legal documents will protect you from the violence,” he lamented, illustrating the pervasive anxiety surrounding their safety.
Historically, South Africa has been a destination for migrant labour, particularly in the mining sector. Nelson Mandela’s post-apartheid government initially welcomed African migrants, but ongoing economic challenges and high unemployment have fostered resentment. A recent survey by the Human Sciences Research Council revealed a drop in the proportion of South Africans willing to accept immigrants, falling from 25% in 2020 to just 15% last year.
Political Underpinnings of the Crisis
The current wave of protests is not solely grassroots; it is also politically motivated. March & March leader Jacinta Ngobese-Zuma has claimed that the number of illegal immigrants in South Africa could be as high as 30 million, framing the issue as an “invasion.” This rhetoric has amplified fears among South Africans, many of whom are grappling with high unemployment and socio-economic disparities.
The political landscape is particularly charged as the nation approaches local elections in November. Smaller parties are capitalising on the anti-immigrant sentiment to bolster their support, while the ruling African National Congress (ANC) attempts to navigate the complex narrative. President Cyril Ramaphosa, in a recent televised address, acknowledged the genuine concerns surrounding migration, promising a crackdown on illegal immigration while cautioning against lawlessness and violence.
The Role of Social Media and Activism
Founded in March 2025, March & March has utilised social media to galvanise support and funding for its protests. Ngobese-Zuma stated that the group receives contributions from concerned South Africans, demonstrating how digital platforms can amplify local movements. However, the association of these protests with historical instances of violence raises serious concerns about accountability and the potential for unrest.
Prominent figures, such as radio DJ Ngizwe Mchunu, have also emerged as rallying voices within the movement, complicating the narrative further. Mchunu was previously acquitted of instigating riots in 2021, during which hundreds lost their lives, adding a layer of contentious history to the current protests.
Why it Matters
The ongoing unrest and anti-immigrant sentiment in South Africa underscore a broader crisis of identity, security, and social cohesion within the nation. As economic pressures mount and public frustration grows, the potential for violence against immigrants remains a critical concern. The situation not only threatens the safety and dignity of millions of vulnerable individuals but also poses significant challenges for South Africa’s social fabric, political stability, and international reputation. The world will be watching closely as this complex narrative unfolds, with the potential for far-reaching implications not just for South Africa but for the entire African continent.
