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In South Africa, tensions are escalating as protests demanding the expulsion of undocumented immigrants gain traction. Organised by the group March & March, these demonstrations have sparked deep-seated fears among African migrants, who are increasingly concerned for their safety as xenophobic sentiments resurface in the nation.
A Climate of Fear
The recent series of protests has left many immigrants in South Africa feeling vulnerable and fearful. March & March has issued an ultimatum, demanding that those without legal status leave the country by 30 June, although specifics regarding potential consequences for non-compliance remain vague. This has left many in the immigrant community anxious about their futures.
Tragically, the situation has already turned violent, with reports of xenophobic attacks resulting in the deaths of several individuals. Mozambique has confirmed that five of its citizens were killed in such incidents at the end of May, while South African authorities reported additional casualties, including two Mozambicans and a South African, amidst unrest in Mossel Bay.
Last week, approximately 100 individuals from Mozambique and Malawi sought refuge in a town hall in Kleinmond after being threatened by local residents demanding that they vacate their informal settlement. Many of these individuals are now appealing to their governments for assistance in returning home. Ghana, for instance, has arranged flights for hundreds of its citizens eager to leave South Africa.
Historical Context of Xenophobia
The current unrest is reminiscent of past outbreaks of violence against foreigners in South Africa. Historically, the country has welcomed migrant workers, particularly in the mining sector. Nelson Mandela, after the end of apartheid in 1994, encouraged African migrants, yet the persistent economic hardships faced by many South Africans have led to a growing resentment against immigrants.
This discontent often manifests in violence. The 2008 xenophobic riots resulted in the deaths of 62 individuals, including 21 South Africans, and displaced over 150,000 people. More recent tensions have seen at least five fatalities linked to anti-immigrant sentiments in 2015. Surveys conducted by the Human Sciences Research Council indicate a significant decline in the number of South Africans who are welcoming towards immigrants, dropping from 25% in 2020 to a mere 15% last year.
Sharon Ekambaram, who oversees the refugee and migrants’ programme at Lawyers for Human Rights, expressed concern over the ease with which migrants are blamed for the country’s socio-economic woes. “People are struggling to hold the government to account, and it’s easier to blame the migrants,” she remarked.
Political Ramifications and Public Sentiment
The political landscape in South Africa is also shifting in response to these mounting tensions. The leader of March & March, Jacinta Ngobese-Zuma, has claimed that the number of undocumented immigrants could be as high as 30 million, asserting that South Africa is experiencing an “invasion.” Such rhetoric resonates with some segments of the population, particularly in the lead-up to local elections in November.
Prominent figures like Ngizwe Mchunu, a radio DJ previously acquitted of inciting riots in 2021, are also at the forefront of these protests. Smaller political parties are attempting to garner support by aligning themselves with anti-immigrant sentiments, while the ruling African National Congress (ANC) is trying to navigate the complexities of public concern over immigration.
In a recent televised address, President Cyril Ramaphosa acknowledged the legitimate concerns surrounding migration and illegal immigration but warned against using these issues to incite violence. He pledged a robust crackdown on illegal immigration and corruption within border authorities, emphasising that only state officials should demand proof of nationality.
Otlotleng Mokgatle, a political analyst, cautioned that while some parties might see political gain in supporting anti-immigrant protests, they risk reputational damage and internal instability, especially if violence erupts.
The Immigrant Experience
For many immigrants, uncertainty looms large. Sandy Khumalo, a Zimbabwean restaurant owner with a residency permit, articulated the pervasive anxiety felt by many in her community: “Of course I’m worried, because I don’t know what’s going on, what’s happening. Since 2009, I’ve been here, so this is my home. I’m so stressed.”
As the climate grows increasingly hostile, the plight of African migrants in South Africa serves as a stark reminder of the broader issues of immigration, xenophobia, and societal cohesion within the nation.
Why it Matters
The resurgence of xenophobic sentiment in South Africa not only threatens the safety and dignity of countless immigrants but also highlights the underlying socio-economic challenges facing the country. As public discontent rises, the need for constructive dialogue and solutions becomes imperative. The plight of immigrants is intertwined with South Africa’s quest for stability, equality, and social justice, making the resolution of these tensions critical for the nation’s future.