In a fascinating exploration of cultural evolution, The Morgan Library & Museum in New York is showcasing “Tarot! Renaissance Symbols, Modern Visions,” a compelling exhibition that traces the transformation of tarot cards from a simple card game in 15th-century Italy to a revered tool for divination and artistic expression. This exhibition, running until 4 October, draws attention to the rich history and diverse interpretations of tarot, featuring works from over two dozen artists, including the likes of Leonora Carrington and Chris Ofili.
Tarot’s Humble Beginnings
The story of tarot is one of unexpected metamorphosis. Initially crafted as a card game for the affluent, the tarot’s journey began in Renaissance Italy, where it was far removed from its modern mystical associations. Claire Gilman, curator of the Modern Visions section, highlights this intriguing origin: “It was only as it moved into France in the 18th century that it began to take on occult connotations.” This shift paved the way for the tarot to spread across Europe and, eventually, the globe.
The exhibition opens with an impressive display of the earliest surviving tarot deck, the Visconti-Sforza, which stands as a testament to the artistry of the period. Co-curator Joshua O’Driscoll notes, “These are hand-painted luxury objects… the very beginning of the tarot pictorial tradition.” The intricate designs of these cards not only reflect the exceptional skill of their creators but also serve as a bridge connecting past and present tarot practices.
Artistic Evolution and Contemporary Influence
As the tarot evolved, it absorbed influences from various cultures and artistic movements. The introduction of the Rider-Waite-Smith deck in 1909 marked a significant turning point, as it was the first to illustrate the often-overlooked minor arcana. Gilman emphasises its importance: “It really enhances the mystery built into these cards… it democratizes the cards and captures people’s fascination with them.” The deck’s success is a testament to its ability to resonate with a broad audience, while still maintaining a sense of mystique.
The proliferation of tarot decks in the late 20th century, particularly during the 1960s and 70s, brought forth a wave of creativity. Artists found inspiration in tarot’s established symbolism, allowing them to explore personal and collective themes. Gilman explains, “The best creativity comes when you have a starting point… a blank slate almost becomes stymying.” This openness has led to an explosion of unique interpretations, with contemporary artists infusing their cultural backgrounds and styles into their tarot creations.
The Surrealist Connection and Modern Revival
The exhibition also highlights the contributions of Surrealist artists like Ithell Colquhoun and Leonora Carrington, who approached tarot not as a complete deck but as a source of inspiration for their broader artistic visions. Gilman points out that for these artists, the mystique of tarot served as a lens through which they could challenge conventional understandings of reality. Carrington’s work, for instance, reflects a deep engagement with the archetypal figures of the tarot, revealing how these images can transcend mere interpretation and become a part of broader artistic narratives.
Interestingly, Gilman identifies a significant turning point in the tarot’s trajectory around 2019, coinciding with a growing interest in self-reflection and spiritual exploration. The pandemic further propelled this trend, making tarot readings a popular form of introspection during uncertain times. “The arcana are so universal,” Gilman asserts, “these are all things that occur in every tradition, so people can relate to it.” This universality allows tarot to connect with individuals from diverse backgrounds, fostering a sense of community and shared experience.
Why it Matters
The “Tarot! Renaissance Symbols, Modern Visions” exhibition is more than just a showcase of artistic talent; it is a cultural commentary on the enduring power of symbols and narratives in our lives. As tarot cards continue to captivate new generations, they remind us of the shared human experiences that transcend time and place. In an increasingly fragmented world, the tarot serves as both a mirror reflecting our inner selves and a canvas for our creative expressions, illustrating the profound ways in which art and spirituality intersect.