Prime Minister Mark Carney has embarked on a landmark visit to Saudi Arabia, marking the first time a sitting Canadian prime minister has travelled to the kingdom in 26 years. Arriving in Jeddah at the invitation of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Carney’s trip aims to foster economic partnerships with a nation that holds significant strategic importance, yet continues to face scrutiny over its troubling human rights record.
A Diplomatic Shift
This visit comes on the heels of a gradual thaw in relations between Canada and Saudi Arabia, following a notable diplomatic rift in 2018. University of Ottawa expert Thomas Juneau highlighted that while the Saudi leadership is open to strengthening ties with Canada, the country does not rank highly on their priority list. “It’s very significant,” Juneau remarked, reflecting on the potential for enhanced collaboration.
The previous tensions arose when the Trudeau administration publicly condemned Saudi Arabia’s judicial system and its treatment of women. In response, Saudi Arabia expelled Canada’s envoy and recalled its ambassador. Following this fallout, trade discussions were halted, but relations have since resumed with the restoration of ambassadors earlier this year.
Economic Opportunities Ahead
During his visit, Carney is expected to explore various avenues for investment and collaboration, particularly in sectors such as mining, artificial intelligence, clean technology, agriculture, tourism, and infrastructure. Juneau noted that Saudi Arabia’s need for a stable food supply chain could position Canada as a critical partner.
On the geopolitical front, discussions may also touch upon the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict, as both nations share a belief in the necessity of peace alongside a sovereign Palestinian state. Furthermore, Carney’s office has hinted at potential Canadian assistance in securing shipping routes in the Strait of Hormuz, especially in light of the recent breakdown of a ceasefire agreement between the U.S., Israel, and Iran.
Navigating Human Rights Issues
Despite the focus on economic ties, Carney’s visit raises questions about the Canadian government’s stance on human rights, particularly given Saudi Arabia’s historically poor record. Juneau pointed out that while there have been some social reforms—such as allowing women to drive—the overall political landscape remains unchanged, with significant repression of dissent.
Human Rights Watch has characterised Saudi Arabia’s human rights situation as “abysmal,” citing a disturbing rise in executions and a crackdown on free expression. Activists, including the Montreal-based Raoul Wallenberg Centre for Human Rights, have urged the Canadian government to advocate for individuals like Raif Badawi, a blogger who has faced severe repercussions for his writings.
Canada’s Global Standing
As Canada endeavours to enhance its bilateral relations with Gulf states, it faces competition from other nations that have been more proactive in pursuing partnerships in defence and intelligence. While countries like South Korea and Ukraine have established significant ties with Saudi Arabia, Canada’s efforts have lagged behind.
Juneau noted that while Canada remains focused on its relationship with the United States, Saudi Arabia is keen to diversify its international partnerships. The kingdom’s ongoing infrastructure projects, including the ambitious yet troubled Neom city, underscore its efforts to transition from an oil-dependent economy.
Why it Matters
Carney’s visit to Saudi Arabia signifies not only a potential shift in Canada’s foreign policy approach but also highlights the complex interplay between economic interests and human rights advocacy. As the global landscape evolves, Canada must navigate these challenges thoughtfully, balancing its economic ambitions with a commitment to uphold human rights and ethical diplomacy. The outcomes of this visit may set a precedent for future Canadian engagement in the region, shaping the nation’s role on the world stage amidst pressing moral considerations.
