In a world increasingly aware of the dangers of sun exposure, many individuals find themselves puzzled and frustrated by the discomfort some sunscreens can cause. Reports of stinging and burning sensations are not uncommon, prompting dermatologists to clarify the underlying reasons behind these reactions. Experts assert that while some formulations may irritate the skin, the importance of sun protection should never be underestimated.
The Science Behind Sunscreen Reactions
Dr. Sungat Grewal, a double board-certified dermatologist and co-director of the UCSF Dermatology Laser & Cosmetic Center, emphasises that not all sunscreens are created equal. “Two products with the same SPF can feel very different on the skin,” he explains. This variance can lead to discomfort, particularly for those with sensitive skin.
Dr. Aditi Senthilnathan, a board-certified dermatologist at the University of Pennsylvania’s Perelman School of Medicine, highlights that reactions like burning or stinging—especially around the eyes—are common and can occur after sweating. While these sensations might deter some from applying sunscreen, experts unanimously advise against abandoning sun protection altogether.
What Causes Sunscreen to Sting?
The discomfort associated with sunscreens can often be traced back to specific ingredients. Dr. Elizabeth Bahar Houshmand, founder of Houshmand Dermatology & Wellness in Dallas, Texas, notes that alcohol-based formulas and certain UV filters can be particularly irritating. Furthermore, preservatives and non-active ingredients added for texture or fragrance may also contribute to skin irritation.
Certain skin conditions can heighten sensitivity to these formulations. Individuals with rosacea, eczema, or those undergoing acne treatments may find their skin more reactive to specific sunscreen ingredients. Over-cleansing or the use of multiple active skincare products can compromise the skin’s barrier, leaving it vulnerable to irritation.
Choosing the Right Sunscreen
Sunscreens fall into two main categories: chemical and physical (mineral). Chemical sunscreens, which include ingredients like oxybenzone and avobenzone, absorb UV rays to protect the skin. In contrast, physical sunscreens, containing minerals like zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, reflect UV light away from the skin.
For those experiencing stinging, dermatologists recommend switching to a fragrance-free, alcohol-free physical sunscreen. Dr. Senthilnathan advises that zinc oxide and titanium dioxide are less likely to cause irritation. Additionally, selecting a water-resistant formula can prevent the product from dripping into the eyes during physical activities, thus reducing the risk of discomfort.
Before applying sunscreen, a gentle moisturiser can serve as an effective barrier, enhancing comfort for those with sensitive skin. However, if severe reactions, such as rashes or persistent burning, occur, seeking advice from a board-certified dermatologist is essential.
Ensuring Effective Sun Protection
Regardless of the type of sunscreen you choose, experts agree that the best product is one that you will consistently apply. Dr. Houshmand stresses the importance of selecting a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30, which blocks approximately 97% of harmful UV rays.
For effective application, adults are advised to use two finger lengths of sunscreen for their face and neck, and about a shot glass amount for the body. Sunscreen should be applied at least 15 minutes before sun exposure and reapplied every two hours, or more frequently after swimming or sweating.
Beyond sunscreen, Dr. Houshmand encourages seeking shade and wearing protective clothing, including wide-brimmed hats and sunglasses, as part of a comprehensive sun safety strategy.
Why it Matters
Understanding the nuances of sunscreen formulations is crucial in the fight against skin damage caused by UV rays. As we become increasingly aware of the impact of sun exposure on our health—ranging from premature ageing to skin cancer—making informed decisions about skincare is essential. With the right knowledge and product selection, individuals can enjoy the sun safely, without sacrificing comfort or protection.
