When basking in the sun, the last thing you want is the discomfort of stinging sunscreen. While slathering on SPF is essential for protecting your skin, not all sunscreens are created equal. Leading dermatologists are shedding light on why some products cause irritation and how to select a formula that suits your skin.
The Science Behind Sunscreen Stinging
Sunscreen irritation is a common complaint, and it can manifest as burning or stinging, particularly around sensitive areas like the eyes. Dr Aditi Senthilnathan, a board-certified dermatologist at the University of Pennsylvania’s Perelman School of Medicine, notes that such reactions are not unusual, especially after sweating.
Dr Sungat Grewal, a double board-certified dermatologist and co-director of the UCSF Dermatology Laser & Cosmetic Center, explains that the formulation of sunscreen plays a crucial role in how it feels on the skin. “Not all sunscreens are formulated the same,” he emphasises. This means that two products boasting identical SPF ratings can produce vastly different sensations.
Ingredients That Irritate
The discomfort some individuals experience may be linked to specific ingredients in the sunscreen. Chemical sunscreens, which contain substances like oxybenzone and avobenzone, work by absorbing UV rays. However, they can sometimes irritate sensitive skin. Dr Elizabeth Bahar Houshmand, founder of Houshmand Dermatology & Wellness in Dallas, Texas, points out that alcohol-based formulas or those with certain UV filters and preservatives can lead to discomfort, particularly for people with sensitive skin.
Moreover, additives such as fragrances and thickening agents, often included for texture or scent, can also provoke irritation, as highlighted by Dr Joyce Teng, a professor of dermatology at Stanford University. Those most at risk of adverse reactions typically include individuals with conditions like rosacea, eczema, or those undergoing acne treatments.
Solutions for Stinging Sunscreen
If you find that your sunscreen stings, there are alternatives. There are two main types of sunscreen: chemical and physical (or mineral). Physical sunscreens, containing minerals like zinc oxide or titanium dioxide, reflect UV light and are generally less likely to cause irritation. Dr Senthilnathan recommends switching to a fragrance-free, alcohol-free physical sunscreen if stinging occurs.
Additionally, opting for a water-resistant formula can help prevent the product from running into your eyes during physical activity. If irritation does occur, rinsing your eyes with water can provide immediate relief.
Dr Grewal also suggests applying a gentle moisturiser before sunscreen, as this can help create a barrier that enhances comfort.
When to Seek Professional Help
While mild irritation is typically manageable, severe reactions warrant professional advice. Symptoms like rashes, swelling, or persistent burning could indicate irritation or contact dermatitis, necessitating a consultation with a board-certified dermatologist, according to Dr Houshmand.
Ensuring Effective Sun Protection
Choosing the right sunscreen is just as important as applying it correctly. Dermatologists recommend selecting a broad-spectrum product with an SPF of at least 30, which blocks approximately 97% of UV rays. For optimal protection, most adults should apply two finger lengths of sunscreen to their face and neck, and a shot glass amount for the body.
Timing is crucial, too; sunscreen should be applied a minimum of 15 minutes before sun exposure and reapplied every two hours, or more frequently after swimming or sweating. Dr Houshmand also emphasises that sunscreen is only part of the sun protection equation—seeking shade and wearing protective clothing, hats, and sunglasses are equally important.
Why it Matters
Understanding the nuances of sunscreen formulations can empower consumers to make informed choices that protect their skin without discomfort. As awareness grows around skin sensitivity and sun safety, individuals can better navigate the diverse landscape of sun protection, ensuring their skin remains healthy while enjoying the outdoors. Prioritising the right sunscreen not only enhances comfort but also reinforces the vital habit of sun protection—a cornerstone of skincare that safeguards against the harmful effects of UV exposure.
