A groundbreaking new exhibition at the British Museum is set to challenge long-standing perceptions of Japan’s samurai class, revealing a surprising truth: nearly half of these elite warriors were women. Titled “Samurai,” this exhibition invites visitors to delve into over a thousand years of history, exploring the evolution and cultural significance of this iconic warrior class, and promises to reshape the narrative surrounding their legacy.
A Revolutionary Exhibition
Opening on 3 February and running until 4 May 2026, the “Samurai” exhibition showcases an impressive array of over 280 objects, including armour, weapons, paintings, and ceramics, many of which are being displayed for the first time. Curated in collaboration with 29 national and international lenders, the exhibition provides a comprehensive look at the samurai’s historical context, from their emergence as hired warriors in the 1100s to their transformation into bureaucrats and cultural patrons by the 17th century.
Dr Rosina Buckland, Asahi Shimbun curator of Japanese Collections, emphasises the need for a more nuanced understanding of the samurai, stating, “Historians have always known that the popular understanding—like with most cultures—often strays far from reality.” She explains that while Hollywood has popularised certain images of samurai, the truth is far more complex.
Women in the Samurai Class
One of the exhibition’s most striking revelations is the significant role women played within the samurai class. Although they did not engage in combat, these women were integral to the elite order, contributing to its cultural and familial legacies. Visitors will encounter artefacts such as a woman’s robe, hair care tools, and etiquette manuals, all of which illustrate the daily lives and societal expectations of female samurai.
The exhibition is divided into three thematic sections, which reflect the samurai’s dual identity as both fierce warriors and cultured bureaucrats. Dr Buckland notes, “After 1615, they became a standing army without the need to fight, which allowed a rich cultural landscape to flourish.” This period of peace saw the samurai class engage in artistic pursuits, further enriching Japan’s cultural tapestry.
The Samurai’s Cultural Legacy
“Samurai” also explores the lasting impact of the warrior class on contemporary culture. Special attention is given to their representation in film, television, manga, and video games, showcasing how these historical figures have been reinterpreted in the modern era. Notable works include commissioned pieces by renowned artist Noguchi Tetsuya and references to popular video games like “Assassin’s Creed: Shadows” and “Nioh 3.”
Dr Buckland highlights that the image of the samurai has often been manipulated for political purposes, particularly during Japan’s colonial expansion in the early 20th century. The exhibition seeks to uncover the layers of myth and nostalgia that have shaped public perceptions, stating, “We’re using this well-known word ‘samurai’ to introduce people to the richness of Japanese culture and the complexity of history.”
Highlights of the Exhibition
Among the standout pieces is a newly acquired suit of samurai armour, adorned with a prestigious helmet and a golden standard shaped like iris leaves, designed for both intimidation and identification. Additional highlights include a vibrant red firefighting jacket worn by a female samurai and a rare portrait of a 13-year-old samurai who led an embassy to the Vatican in 1582.
The exhibition aims to provide a deeper understanding of the samurai’s multifaceted roles throughout history, challenging visitors to reconsider what they think they know about these legendary figures.
Why it Matters
The “Samurai” exhibition at the British Museum is not just a showcase of artefacts; it is a vital step towards rediscovering and reinterpreting the narratives that have shaped our understanding of history. By illuminating the significant contributions of women within the samurai class and exploring how cultural representations have evolved, this exhibition invites a more inclusive dialogue about Japan’s past. As we continue to navigate complex societal narratives, understanding these historical truths becomes crucial for fostering a more informed global perspective.
