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Judges at the International Criminal Court (ICC) have determined that former Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte is fit to face trial for alleged crimes against humanity, specifically linked to his controversial anti-drug campaign. The ICC has scheduled a hearing for 23 February to assess whether the evidence presented by the prosecution is robust enough to warrant a full trial.
ICC’s Decision on Duterte’s Fitness
The ruling from the ICC comes after Duterte’s legal team contended that the 80-year-old was unfit to engage in the court’s proceedings. Since his detention in The Hague last March, he has been embroiled in a legal battle over accusations of overseeing a brutal crackdown on drug offenders, which resulted in numerous extrajudicial killings. Human rights organisations have denounced this campaign, claiming that it led to the deaths of thousands without due process.
In their recent judgement, the ICC judges expressed satisfaction with the findings of a panel of medical experts, confirming that Duterte is capable of “effectively exercising his procedural rights.” They clarified that the mental faculties required to engage meaningfully in legal processes do not need to be at an optimal level.
The Impact of the ICC Ruling
The announcement has reverberated across the Philippines, polarising public opinion further. Critics such as Congresswoman Leila de Lima, a notable opponent of Duterte and a former political prisoner, hailed the ruling as a victory for victims of his regime. She remarked that it signifies that the voices of those wronged will not be overshadowed by technicalities in the legal process.
Duterte’s presidency, which lasted from 2016 to 2022, was marked by a populist rhetoric that equated a harsh stance on crime with economic development. His supporters argue that his policies were necessary for restoring order in a nation plagued by drug-related violence. However, the legacy of his administration is marred by accusations of human rights violations and a disregard for the rule of law.
Political Climate in the Philippines
Duterte’s arrest in March 2025 followed the unraveling of his family’s political alliance with current President Ferdinand “Bongbong” Marcos Jr. The former president’s detention has intensified the political landscape in the Philippines, as opinions remain sharply divided. While many in civil society condemn his actions, a significant portion of the populace continues to resonate with his message, feeling neglected by the political elite in Manila.
Even while incarcerated, Duterte managed to secure a victory in the mayoral elections for Davao City, illustrating his enduring influence in Philippine politics. His daughter, Vice-President Sara Duterte, is also anticipated to be a significant contender in the upcoming 2028 presidential elections, especially as Marcos will be ineligible for re-election.
Why it Matters
The ICC’s ruling on Duterte’s fitness to stand trial not only sets a precedent for accountability in international law but also serves as a critical juncture for the Philippines. It brings to light the ongoing struggle for justice amidst a backdrop of political division and social unrest. As the world watches, the outcomes of these proceedings could have far-reaching implications for human rights in the region and the future of political accountability in the Philippines. The case signifies a potential turning point in addressing egregious violations that many believed would go unpunished, thus reinforcing the role of international justice in holding leaders accountable for their actions.
