Recent satellite imagery reveals that Iran is reinforcing an underground complex near its nuclear site, a move that coincides with escalating diplomatic tensions between Tehran and Washington. As discussions between Iranian officials and the Biden administration unfold, the spectre of military action looms, with President Trump reiterating threats of force if Iran fails to agree to a new nuclear deal.
Fortifications at Pickaxe Mountain
The satellite images, analysed by the Institute for Science and International Security (ISIS), indicate significant construction activity at the Mount Kolang Gaz La—commonly referred to as Pickaxe Mountain. This facility is suspected to be pivotal in safeguarding Iran’s uranium enrichment operations or critical equipment. However, the precise function of the site and its operational status remain uncertain.
Iran consistently asserts that its nuclear ambitions are peaceful, denying any intentions to develop nuclear weapons. Despite these claims, President Trump previously suggested that Iran was merely weeks away from acquiring nuclear weapon capabilities, citing a 12-day conflict in June 2025 that saw US strikes targeting Iranian nuclear infrastructure. Notably, Pickaxe Mountain was not among the sites targeted during those air strikes, although nearby facilities, including Natanz, were struck.
Evidence of Ongoing Construction
Analysis of a satellite image from February 10 shows newly laid concrete at one of the entrances to the Pickaxe Mountain complex. Analysts from ISIS and the UK-based intelligence firm Maiar have confirmed the presence of heavy machinery, including a concrete boom pump, indicating ongoing construction efforts. Additional activities at another entrance have involved flattening surrounding rock and soil, complemented by a new reinforced structure nearby.
Experts suggest these enhancements are geared towards fortifying the tunnels against potential aerial assaults. The size and strategic location of the facility, situated within a mountainous area, raises alarm over the possibility of conducting sensitive operations, including uranium enrichment, in greater secrecy.
Developments at Other Nuclear Sites
Recent satellite data has revealed similar defensive measures across other Iranian nuclear sites, notably at Natanz and the Isfahan complex, located approximately 125 km (77 miles) to the north. Analysts from ISIS report that tunnel entrances at Isfahan have been completely sealed with earth to mitigate the effects of air strikes and protect against land-based incursions aimed at seizing highly enriched uranium.
Moreover, renovations are evident at Natanz, where a roof was constructed over a damaged anti-drone cage, likely intended to obscure Iran’s activities from aerial observation. This ongoing construction suggests that Iran is bracing for further military actions and is actively seeking to bolster the security of its nuclear capabilities.
The Call for Diplomatic Solutions
Rafael Grossi, the Director-General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), has indicated that a new nuclear deal between Iran and the US is not only possible but urgently needed. During an interview at the Munich Security Conference, he expressed concern over the fleeting nature of diplomatic opportunities, urging involved parties to act swiftly.
According to Grossi, Iran’s stockpile of approximately 400 kg of highly enriched uranium remains situated within the underground facilities where US forces previously deployed bunker-busting munitions. This underscores the precarious balance of power in the region and the pressing need for renewed dialogue.
Why it Matters
The fortification of Iran’s nuclear facilities amid ongoing diplomatic negotiations highlights a critical juncture in international relations. As tensions escalate, the potential for military conflict looms large, raising significant concerns not just for regional stability but for global security. The developments at Pickaxe Mountain and related sites serve as a reminder of the fragile nature of nuclear diplomacy and the urgent need for constructive engagement to prevent escalation and promote lasting peace.
