In a transformative move aimed at enhancing support for children with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND), the UK government has unveiled significant changes to the educational framework in England. From 2035, only children with the most complex needs will qualify for education, health and care plans (EHCPs), while existing plan holders will retain their entitlements until at least September 2029. Education Secretary Bridget Phillipson asserts that these reforms are designed to foster inclusivity in mainstream schools and improve the life outcomes for affected children.
A New Era for SEND Support
The changes were announced as part of the government’s broader Schools White Paper, which outlines plans for legislative reforms in education. The government has committed a substantial £4 billion over the next three years to enhance the inclusiveness of mainstream schools for children with SEND. This investment includes £1.6 billion earmarked for schools, early years settings, and colleges, alongside £1.8 billion dedicated to increasing access to specialists such as speech and language therapists.
The pressing question leading up to this announcement was how the government would address the escalating demand for EHCPs—legal documents that specify the needs of children and outline the necessary support. Currently, the SEND system faces criticism for being ineffective, a sentiment echoed by the National Audit Office.
Key Changes to EHCPs and Support Plans
Under the new framework, children currently holding EHCPs will maintain their plans until they complete their respective educational phases. Starting in September 2029, reassessments will begin for students transitioning from primary to secondary education. For instance, a child in Year 2 will have their needs evaluated again when they reach Year 6.
A crucial element of the reform is the introduction of Individual Support Plans (ISPs). These documents will be developed by schools in collaboration with parents, outlining each child’s specific needs and the corresponding support required. The ISPs will categorise support into three tiers: “targeted,” “targeted plus,” and “specialist,” with only those receiving specialist support being eligible for EHCPs.
Phillipson highlighted the intention behind these changes, stating that the new system aims to alleviate the struggles parents face in securing necessary support for their children. She emphasised a vision of transforming children with SEND from being overlooked to being actively included and recognised within the educational landscape.
Addressing Broader Educational Challenges
The Schools White Paper encompasses additional strategies to tackle pressing issues in the education sector, including teacher recruitment and retention. Proposed measures involve enhancing maternity pay and providing financial incentives for headteachers. Furthermore, the government aims to establish a new attendance target designed to foster the most significant improvements in a decade. Special initiatives in the North East and coastal regions are also expected to help elevate educational outcomes for working-class children.
However, the Office for Budget Responsibility has projected a looming £6 billion gap between the funding provided to councils for SEND support and their actual expenditures by 2028-2029. Luke Sibieta from the Institute for Fiscal Studies expressed concerns regarding the government’s approach, noting that while building capacity is essential, the existing system’s financial pressures must also be addressed.
Concerns from Educational Leaders
The response from politicians and educational leaders has been mixed. Laura Trott, the Conservative shadow education secretary, raised concerns about the lack of clarity regarding how the government plans to bridge the anticipated £6 billion funding gap. She pointed out that the White Paper’s complexities—comprising five principles, three tiers, and seven packages—do not clearly define eligibility, support levels, or expected outcomes.
Munira Wilson, the education spokesperson for the Liberal Democrats, acknowledged that while the government is making commendable strides, the success of these reforms will hinge on the details. Teaching unions have also welcomed the proposed changes but stressed the necessity for adequate funding. Daniel Kebede, general secretary of the National Education Union, labelled the announced funding as insufficient, with NASUWT general secretary Matt Wrack describing it as merely “a drop in the bucket.” Furthermore, Paul Whiteman of the National Association of Head Teachers emphasised that the reforms’ success relies heavily on the availability of support services.
Why it Matters
The overhaul of the SEND system in England marks a critical step towards ensuring that children with special educational needs receive the support they deserve. By creating a framework that promotes inclusivity and aims to ease the burdens faced by families, the government has the opportunity to make a lasting impact on the lives of countless children. However, the success of these reforms will ultimately depend on the commitment to providing adequate resources and support, ensuring that no child is left behind in their educational journey. As these changes unfold, it will be vital to monitor their implementation and assess their effectiveness in fostering a more equitable educational environment for all.