As measles outbreaks surge globally, health experts are sounding the alarm, urging parents to ensure their children are vaccinated. Recent reports indicate a troubling increase in cases, prompting questions about the virus and the effectiveness of the vaccine. With the World Health Organisation (WHO) declaring that the UK is no longer deemed to have eliminated measles, it’s crucial to understand the symptoms and vaccination protocols surrounding this highly contagious disease.
Understanding Measles: A Contagious Threat
Measles stands as one of the most infectious diseases known to humanity. A single infected person has the potential to spread the virus to between 12 and 18 individuals who lack immunity. The measles virus can linger in the air for up to two hours, meaning that even after an infected person leaves a space, others can still inhale the virus.
Primarily affecting children and individuals with compromised immune systems, measles can lead to severe health complications. Statistics reveal that approximately 40% of those infected require hospitalisation, while the global death toll from measles exceeded 100,000 in 2023 alone. As such, raising awareness about this preventable disease is more important than ever.
Symptoms of Measles: What to Watch For
Symptoms typically manifest 7 to 14 days post-exposure to the virus, starting with a high fever, runny nose, cough, and conjunctivitis. A distinctive rash usually appears on the face or neck before spreading over three days to other parts of the body, including the hands and feet. It’s worth noting that the rash may be less visible on darker skin tones.
Complications from measles are common, with risks including ear infections, encephalitis (swelling of the brain), and pneumonia. Pregnant women face heightened risks, as measles can lead to severe outcomes such as preterm labour and stillbirth. In rare cases, individuals who recover from measles may later develop a fatal condition known as subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, which can occur years after the initial infection.
The Importance of Vaccination
The measles vaccine, typically administered in conjunction with mumps and rubella (the MMR vaccine), employs a live but weakened version of the virus. In Australia, vaccinations are scheduled for children at 12 and 18 months of age. However, if a child is at increased risk of exposure, an early dose may be given as young as six months.
Immunisation not only protects the vaccinated individual but also curbs the spread of the virus within the community. Those born before 1966 may not have had access to the vaccine and are thus considered at higher risk. Importantly, even adults who have been previously vaccinated can receive an additional dose safely, further enhancing their immunity.
Duration of Vaccine Effectiveness
The measles vaccine is renowned for its effectiveness, with about 99% of individuals protected for life after receiving two doses. This long-lasting immunity plays a critical role in preventing outbreaks and protecting vulnerable populations, including infants and those with weakened immune systems.
In light of the recent rise in cases, it is vital for eligible individuals to get vaccinated to safeguard both themselves and others in the community.
Why it Matters
The resurgence of measles is a stark reminder of the importance of maintaining high vaccination rates to protect public health. With the potential for widespread outbreaks, especially among unvaccinated populations, ensuring that children are vaccinated is not merely a personal choice but a collective responsibility. By prioritising vaccination, we can prevent the tragic consequences of this preventable disease and protect our communities from its devastating impact.
