Recent investigations have unveiled alarming levels of PFAS contamination in rivers and groundwater across Cumbria and Lancashire, with 25 identified sites harbouring these hazardous substances. The findings, revealed through a freedom of information request by Watershed Investigations and The Guardian, underscore a growing environmental crisis linked to the so-called “forever chemicals,” which are notorious for their persistence in the environment and potential health risks.
Widespread Contamination Detected
High concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), particularly PFOS, have been detected at various locations. Notably, one site reported PFOS levels of 3,840 ng/l, significantly exceeding the drinking water guideline limit of 100 ng/l for the total of 48 PFAS compounds. These chemicals, often used in consumer products, have been associated with serious health issues, including cancer.
The contamination spans regions of recognised natural beauty, raising concerns about its impact on local wildlife and ecosystems. Local residents and business owners have voiced their frustrations about the lack of support and information regarding the safety of their water supply. One individual, whose private well was found to be polluted, stated they were “unofficially” informed of the contamination in late 2021 but received little assistance from the Environment Agency or local council.
The Role of Local Authorities and the Environment Agency
The Westmorland and Furness council acknowledged being informed by the Environment Agency about the contaminated private water supply late in 2021. While the business has since switched to mains water, questions remain about the overall response to the situation. A council spokesperson confirmed their continued support for ensuring compliance and public safety.
The Environment Agency itself identified elevated PFAS levels through its national surveillance programme in 2022 and alerted affected private borehole owners. However, it has emphasised that the responsibility for safeguarding users of private water supplies ultimately lies with local authorities. The agency’s reports have also suggested possible sources of contamination, including a paper mill in Beetham, where PFAS use has been documented.
Investigating Possible Sources of PFAS
The Environment Agency’s investigation points to various potential contamination sources, including historical landfills, sewage treatment facilities, and sites where PFAS-laden paper pulp has been spread. The Beetham paper mill, which has undergone changes in ownership and management, is now operated by Pelta Medical Papers, which asserts that no PFAS chemicals are currently in use under the new regime. However, responsibility for past operations remains with the former owners.
In light of these findings, Kroll Advisory, the administrators for the previous mill operator, have not commented, leaving some residents and environmentalists concerned about the transparency of these operations.
Government Action and Industry Response
The UK government’s recent PFAS action plan aims to enhance controls over these chemicals. It includes provisions for new guidance on contaminated land, consultations on drinking water PFAS limits, and potential stricter regulations for industrial sites. Nevertheless, industry representatives such as Water UK are advocating for a complete ban on PFAS, highlighting the urgency of the situation and the need for the UK to keep pace with European nations that are moving towards stringent restrictions.
Chloe Alexander from Wildlife and Countryside Link has expressed skepticism regarding the government’s approach, labelling it “a roadmap to nowhere.” She emphasises the absence of binding phase-outs and a clear timeline for action, which raises further questions about the effectiveness of current measures.
The Broader Picture of Water Safety
With approximately 33,000 private water supplies in England, the vulnerabilities of these systems are becoming increasingly apparent, especially as climate change exacerbates drought conditions and environmental pollution. Experts from environmental organisations, including Fidra, stress the importance of eliminating PFAS from our drinking water and food supplies. Hannah Evans, a representative of Fidra, asserts the necessity for immediate action to transition towards PFAS-free alternatives, many of which are already available and viable.
Why it Matters
The ongoing PFAS contamination crisis in Cumbria and Lancashire highlights critical gaps in environmental protection and public health safeguarding. As communities grapple with the implications of these toxic substances, the urgency for comprehensive regulatory measures and transparent communication from authorities is paramount. The potential health risks associated with PFAS exposure, coupled with their pervasive nature, demand immediate attention and action to secure clean water for all and protect our natural ecosystems.
