Rejection Sensitive Dysphoria (RSD) is emerging as a significant mental health challenge, particularly among individuals with ADHD and autism. Often misunderstood, this condition can lead to intense emotional and physical responses to perceived rejection, criticism, or teasing. As awareness grows, those affected by RSD are beginning to share their experiences, shedding light on the profound impact it can have on daily life.
A Personal Journey Through RSD
Jenna Turnbull, a 36-year-old civil servant from Cardiff, vividly recalls moments from her childhood that still haunt her today. One incident from her PE class, where a classmate teased her about her appearance, left an indelible mark on her psyche. “My chest feels like it’s collapsing,” she describes, reflecting on how even decades later, such experiences trigger overwhelming feelings of shame and embarrassment.
Turnbull’s struggles did not end with childhood. An innocuous comment about her housekeeping during a night out with friends led to obsessive cleaning habits, ultimately contributing to her diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Her story exemplifies how RSD can manifest in both emotional distress and physical symptoms, with Turnbull recounting a panic attack triggered by criticism in a work email that left her breathless and distressed.
A Growing Awareness of RSD
RSD is not yet a formally recognised diagnosis; however, it frequently coexists with ADHD, a condition Turnbull was diagnosed with as a child. Recent research has started to highlight the emotional dysregulation associated with ADHD, which can lead to the intense feelings characteristic of RSD. Although some may dismiss RSD as mere sensitivity or a modern excuse for emotional reactions, experts like Dr. William Dodson point out that the pain experienced by those with RSD is far more profound than typical feelings of rejection.
The term ‘rejection sensitive dysphoria’ gained traction in the 1960s, but it is only recently that it has garnered attention in clinical settings and social media. Online communities, including a Facebook group with over 67,000 members, provide support for individuals grappling with RSD while also addressing the stigma surrounding it.
The Impact of Rejection and Criticism
Turnbull’s experience is not unique. Many individuals with RSD report significant distress triggered by even minor perceived slights. Lauren O’Carroll, a 41-year-old coach from Cambridge, describes being labelled as “oversensitive” throughout her life. She recalls how seemingly simple requests would provoke intense feelings of shame and anger, leading her to lie or avoid situations to prevent potential rejection.
Dr. Shyamal Mashru, a psychiatrist in north London, notes that the emotional responses associated with RSD can be severe enough to warrant emergency medical attention. Despite limited understanding of the underlying causes, experts suggest that an underregulated amygdala and prefrontal cortex may contribute to the heightened emotional responses observed in RSD.
Overcoming the Challenges of RSD
The journey to understanding and managing RSD can be arduous. Turnbull found solace in therapy, which has equipped her to recognise and navigate her emotional responses more effectively. By openly discussing her struggles with friends and colleagues, she has begun to reclaim control over her experiences.
While some individuals with RSD benefit from medication, others may find value in therapeutic approaches that focus on reshaping emotional responses. For Turnbull, the combination of antidepressants and therapy has been transformative, allowing her to address her low self-esteem and approach life with renewed confidence.
Why it Matters
Recognising and understanding RSD is crucial in fostering empathy and support for those affected. The condition can significantly hinder one’s ability to engage fully in personal and professional life, leading to isolation and diminished self-worth. By raising awareness and encouraging open conversations about mental health, society can better support individuals facing these challenges, allowing them to lead fulfilling lives despite their struggles.
