In an innovative approach to safeguarding Alberta’s waterways, a trio of specially trained dogs has joined the fight against invasive mussels, which have wreaked havoc in the Great Lakes and other North American water bodies since the 1980s. Hilo, Jane, and Winnie are integral to the province’s Aquatic Invasive Species Operations and Conservation Canine Program, working alongside human inspectors to prevent the spread of these harmful species into Alberta.
A Growing Threat
Despite the current absence of invasive mussels in Alberta, experts warn that the threat is increasingly imminent. Recent reports indicate that golden mussels have been detected in California, sparking concern across the border. Cindy Sawchuk, who leads the canine conservation initiative, highlighted the unique challenges posed by these species. “These mussels really like to hide in damp, dark places, and many are difficult to detect due to their small size,” she explained.
The invasive mussels that the team is trained to locate include golden, zebra, and quagga varieties, all of which have their origins in Eastern Europe and Southeast Asia. As filter feeders, they compete with larger fish for sustenance, endangering Alberta’s aquatic ecosystem.
The Role of Canines in Conservation
Since the introduction of boat inspections in 2013, Alberta has implemented a systematic approach to protecting its waters. The canine unit was established two years later, and today, 11 inspection stations operate across the province. While human inspectors meticulously examine vessels, searching for the telltale signs of mussels, the dogs leverage their extraordinary sense of smell to detect the invasive species.
“When the dogs are successful, they receive a toy that they’ve been specifically trained to desire, which reinforces their search behaviour,” Sawchuk noted. The excitement of the hunt transforms the task into a game for the dogs, fostering a strong motivation to succeed.
In training exercises, mussels are often hidden on boats to ensure the dogs remain sharp and capable of identifying the scent. Hilo, affectionately known as “The Professor” for his careful and methodical search patterns, has been a part of the programme since its inception. His previous experience at a guide dog school in California has proven beneficial in his current role. In contrast, newer recruits like Winnie, who was rescued from a shelter, and Jane, discovered in Mexico, bring fresh enthusiasm to the team.
A retired canine named Diesel now oversees operations, ensuring that the programme maintains its high standards.
The Unique Bond
According to Sawchuk, less than one in a thousand dogs possess the drive and energy required for this specialised work. Those who do complete training can effectively cover shorelines, beaches, docks, and boats. Hilo’s remarkable ability to find mussels hidden deep within tall reeds during training in Texas exemplifies the skill set these canines develop.
The bond between the dogs and their handlers is critical. Sawchuk emphasises the importance of trust and communication, stating, “We really want that bond, right? So, that trust is there; that relationship is there.” This connection not only enhances the dogs’ performance but also deepens the emotional investment in their work.
Why it Matters
The fight against invasive mussels is a crucial aspect of preserving Alberta’s natural water systems. With the potential for these species to disrupt local ecosystems and diminish fish populations, the proactive measures taken by the province—especially through the unique contributions of its canine team—are vital. As the threat of invasive species looms larger, the continued success of this programme highlights the innovative ways communities can come together to protect their environment.