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In a bold declaration, Prime Minister Andy Burnham has asserted that his ongoing devolution initiatives bolster the argument for a formal written constitution for the United Kingdom. This potential shift could dramatically reshape the political landscape that has remained largely unchanged for centuries. Burnham, who has long critiqued the antiquated systems governing the nation, emphasised the necessity for a constitutional framework that promotes equity across all regions of the UK.
The Case for a New Constitutional Framework
Burnham’s remarks come at a pivotal moment as the UK grapples with persistent regional inequalities. He pointed out that the nation stands as one of the few advanced democracies without a written constitution—a fundamental document that outlines the governance structure and delineates the rights and responsibilities of its citizens.
In a recent address, Burnham noted, “It will increase the case for a constitution because Britain is changing through this, England is certainly changing through this.” His vision encompasses a codified model of devolution that would not only apply to Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland, but also to the various regions of England. He believes this approach could create a more equitable distribution of resources and opportunities, declaring that his commitment to “good growth in every postcode” goes beyond mere rhetoric.
Radical Changes to Governance
The Prime Minister’s devolution strategy, unveiled last week, represents a significant departure from the UK’s historically centralised governance model. Describing this shift as a “rewiring” of the political system, Burnham emphasised the importance of transferring decision-making powers away from Westminster and empowering local authorities and mayors through initiatives like No 10 North.
With these measures, regional leaders will gain unprecedented control over their financial resources. By 2028, mayors across England are expected to retain a portion of income tax generated in their areas. Furthermore, forthcoming proposals aim for wealthier regions, such as London and Greater Manchester, to redistribute some of their tax revenues to less affluent areas like Hull and East Yorkshire. This redistribution is inspired by Germany’s postwar basic law, which mandates equivalent living standards across all states.
The Challenges Ahead
While the notion of adopting a written constitution has its advocates, experts caution that implementing such a significant constitutional change poses considerable challenges. Tim Bale, a political scholar at Queen Mary University, remarked that the introduction of a codified constitution would mark a “huge departure” for the UK. Historically, nations have enacted such changes following revolutions or wars that discredited previous regimes.
The path to constitutional reform could become complex, particularly as Burnham’s government simultaneously addresses pressing issues like social care and public ownership of utilities. Bale also highlighted that a written constitution could impose constraints on government powers, potentially limiting Parliament’s ability to alter laws with a simple majority. However, he acknowledged that a codified framework might better define the roles and responsibilities of various levels of government.
Echoes of Inequality
In his 2024 publication, *Head North*, co-authored with Liverpool City Region Mayor Steve Rotheram, Burnham argued that Britain’s entrenched inequality stems from its failure to evolve beyond a “feudal state” concentrated around Westminster. He stated, “Our failure fully to set out the rules for how the country should be run is one of the principal reasons why Britain is one of the most unequal major countries in the world.”
Burnham’s assertion that the UK’s unwritten arrangements have led to an accumulation of power in the hands of a few resonates with many who advocate for a more transparent and accountable governance structure.
Why it Matters
The potential move toward a written constitution is not merely a legal formality; it represents a fundamental rethinking of how power is distributed and exercised within the UK. As Burnham’s devolution agenda unfolds, the call for a codified constitution could serve as a catalyst for greater accountability and fairness, ultimately reshaping the very fabric of British democracy. If successful, these changes could pave the way for a more equitable society, where every citizen, regardless of their postcode, has a fair opportunity to thrive.
