In a bold statement this weekend, Prime Minister Andy Burnham has asserted that his sweeping devolution agenda bolsters the case for a written constitution for the United Kingdom. This potential overhaul represents a significant shift in governance, aiming to redistribute power and opportunities across the nation. As one of the few major democracies without a codified constitution, the UK stands on the brink of a historic transformation.
A Call for Change
Burnham’s vision of a restructured political landscape comes in response to what he describes as the UK’s “antiquated” system, one that has failed to provide equitable opportunities for its citizens. He believes that a written constitution—an official framework outlining how the country is governed—would create a fairer society. “It will increase the case for a constitution because Britain is changing through this,” he remarked, indicating that the shift towards decentralisation is not merely administrative but a fundamental change in how governance is perceived and enacted.
The Prime Minister’s proposals suggest a more involved role for regional leaders, granting them greater control over financial decisions. This decentralised model aims to ensure that all regions, from Wales to Scotland, Northern Ireland, and England, operate under a fairer system. “In the end, I think it does start to point towards a new constitutional settlement,” said Burnham, highlighting his commitment to “good growth in every postcode.”
Radical Devolution Initiatives
The proposals outlined by Burnham mark a significant departure from the overcentralised nature of British politics. Dubbed a “rewiring” of the UK governance system, this initiative seeks to transfer decision-making power from Whitehall to local authorities and mayors through a new programme called No 10 North. Experts are watching closely, as this could redefine the balance of power in the UK.
Tim Bale, a political professor at Queen Mary University of London, noted that implementing a written constitution would be unprecedented for the UK. Historically, nations have adopted such frameworks following significant upheavals. “It would represent a major constraint on the executive,” he warned, underscoring that codification might limit Parliament’s ability to amend rules easily.
The Challenge Ahead
While the prospect of a written constitution is enticing, questions remain about the practicalities of such a monumental change. The government faces the challenge of aligning Burnham’s comprehensive agenda on devolution, social care, and public utilities with the establishment of a new constitutional framework. Experts believe that a codified constitution would not only clarify the roles of various levels of government but could also impose limits that might complicate future legislative action.
In his book *Head North*, co-authored with Liverpool City Region Mayor Steve Rotheram, Burnham argues that entrenched inequality in the UK stems from its failure to evolve from a “feudal state” concentrated in Westminster. He expressed concern that the lack of clear rules has perpetuated a system where power is hoarded by a select few, with detrimental effects on broader society.
The German Model
Looking to Germany’s postwar Grundgesetz as inspiration, Burnham advocates for a system where wealthier regions contribute to the prosperity of less affluent areas, ensuring equivalent living standards nationwide. Under the newly proposed devolution plans, by early 2028, regional mayors will retain a share of income tax generated in their jurisdictions, with expectations that affluent areas like London and Greater Manchester will assist regions such as Hull and East Yorkshire.
Dr Hannah White, chief executive of the Institute for Government, remarked on the significance of adopting a written constitution, stating it would involve a comprehensive exercise that transcends mere devolution, encompassing all structural rules governing the UK state.
Why it Matters
The potential establishment of a written constitution could redefine the UK’s political landscape, making governance more transparent and accountable. As Burnham pushes for a shift away from centralised power, the implications extend beyond administrative changes—they challenge the very fabric of British democracy. This is a pivotal moment that could set a precedent for how power is distributed and how equality is pursued in a nation striving for balance amidst its historical inequalities.