In a bold assertion this weekend, Prime Minister Andy Burnham has positioned his ambitious devolution strategy as a catalyst for the establishment of a written constitution for the United Kingdom. He argues that this foundational legal framework is essential for addressing the deep-rooted inequalities that persist across the nation and fostering a more equitable distribution of power and resources.
A Shift in Political Landscape
Burnham has long contended that the UK’s political structure is outdated, necessitating a comprehensive transformation to ensure opportunities are accessible to all regions. With the UK being one of the few major democracies without a codified constitution, Burnham sees the time ripe for significant change.
“This will enhance the argument for a constitution because Britain is evolving through this process. England is certainly on a new path,” he remarked, emphasising the need for a constitutional framework that accommodates the diverse political landscapes of Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and the English regions.
Devolution: A Radical Departure
The Prime Minister’s recent proposals, labelled the most radical shift in the UK’s overcentralised governance, aim to decentralise decision-making from Whitehall to regional authorities and mayors through the newly established No 10 North initiative. The measures are designed to give local leaders greater financial autonomy, including the ability to retain a portion of the income tax generated in their areas.
Burnham’s vision includes a commitment to “good growth in every postcode,” challenging the entrenched disparities that have historically characterised British governance. He envisions a system that not only redistributes wealth but also empowers local communities to shape their futures more effectively.
Constitutional Change: A Complex Challenge
Academics and political analysts have noted that introducing a written constitution represents a monumental shift for the UK. Tim Bale, a professor of politics at Queen Mary University of London, described the potential constitutional reform as a “major departure,” typically seen in nations emerging from conflict or revolution.
However, the path to such significant constitutional change is fraught with challenges. The government must balance Burnham’s ambitious devolution agenda with pressing issues like social care and public utilities. A codified constitution could redefine the limits and responsibilities of various tiers of government, yet it would also constrain the executive’s power, complicating the legislative process.
Learning from Germany
Burnham has drawn inspiration from Germany’s postwar basic law, which mandates equal living standards across its states through financial redistribution from wealthier regions. His devolution plans echo this approach, aiming to ensure that prosperous areas like London and Greater Manchester contribute to the economic vitality of less affluent regions, such as Hull and East Yorkshire.
Dr Hannah White, CEO of the Institute for Government, stated that adopting a written constitution akin to those established in other democracies would mark a significant constitutional evolution for the UK. Such a constitution would need to encompass comprehensive guidelines governing the structure of the UK state beyond mere devolution.
Why it Matters
The push for a written constitution is not merely a bureaucratic endeavour; it represents a pivotal moment in redefining the relationship between the state and its citizens. By advocating for a framework that promotes equality and decentralisation, Burnham is challenging the status quo and seeking to dismantle the historical concentration of power within Westminster. This movement could pave the way for a more balanced and fair governance structure, ultimately leading to a more unified and just society.
