In a significant diplomatic move, Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney met with Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan in Yerevan on Sunday, just before the European Political Community (EPC) summit. This gathering, focused on enhancing strategic co-operation across political, security, and infrastructure domains, marks Canada’s pioneering participation as the first non-European nation to join the discussions initiated in response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022.
A Strategic Meeting in Yerevan
During their meeting, Carney expressed gratitude to Pashinyan for the opportunity to participate in the summit, highlighting the critical nature of this moment for Europe and its shared values. The Prime Minister’s Office has indicated that this trip aims to bolster support for Ukraine while promoting increased trade and investment across the continent.
Carney is scheduled to remain in Yerevan until Monday, engaging in bilateral talks with several world leaders throughout the summit. A notable discussion took place with Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk, where both leaders reflected on the robust ties between Canada and Poland, with Tusk remarking that their relationship serves as a model for others. The conversation also touched upon collaborative efforts in defence and commerce, underscoring a united front regarding Ukraine.
Expanding Diplomatic Outreach
In addition to his meetings with Pashinyan and Tusk, Carney is set to meet with an array of leaders, including Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez, and Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni. He has also accepted an invitation to address the European Parliament from its president, Roberta Metsola, further underscoring Canada’s growing engagement with European political affairs.
Foreign Affairs Minister Anita Anand accompanies Carney on this trip, signalling a concerted Canadian effort to strengthen international relationships and promote shared objectives in the region.
Concerns Over Shifting Priorities
Despite these diplomatic overtures, some experts have voiced concerns regarding Canada’s evolving foreign policy under Carney’s leadership. Jean-François Ratelle, an international studies professor with a focus on the Caucasus at the University of Ottawa, expressed disappointment that the visit appears less focused on Canada’s historical advocacy for democracy and peace in Armenia.
Ratelle remarked, “We are witnessing a complete change of our foreign policy, and what are our general interests. It’s looking for our own interests and our own opportunities, and not playing that leading role in norms, and what used to define Canada.” This shift raises questions about Canada’s historical commitment to supporting fragile democracies in the region, particularly in light of the long-standing tensions between Armenia and Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh.
Historical Context and Ongoing Tensions
Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Armenia and Azerbaijan have been embroiled in conflicts over the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh territory, which is predominantly populated by ethnic Armenians but recognised by Canada and other nations as part of Azerbaijan. The situation has escalated, particularly following the thinning out of Russian peacekeeping forces after the Kremlin’s military actions in Ukraine.
In 2023, Azerbaijani forces launched a military operation against separatist groups in the region, resulting in the displacement of over 100,000 individuals. This turmoil coincided with Canada establishing an embassy in Yerevan, further complicating the geopolitical landscape. Canada has previously condemned Azerbaijan’s military actions and participated in EU security initiatives, yet the momentum around these efforts seems to have diminished under Carney’s administration.
Why it Matters
As Canada navigates its role in European politics and security, the implications of Carney’s visit extend beyond immediate diplomatic relations. At a time when Armenia faces significant challenges from Azerbaijan, and as the region grapples with the consequences of past conflicts, Canada’s approach could influence not only its bilateral ties with Armenia but also its standing as a promoter of democracy and peace. The decisions made during this summit may well define Canada’s future foreign policy direction and its commitment to supporting nations striving for stability and democratic governance in a volatile region.
