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The political landscape in Madagascar is shifting dramatically following the arrest of several young activists, leading to increasing disillusionment among the very generation that helped to topple the previous government. This turmoil has raised questions about whether the military regime that emerged after the October 2025 coup is merely a continuation of the corrupt practices that characterised its predecessor.
Arrests Spark Outrage Among Youth
On April 12, four prominent Gen Z activists—Herizo Andriamanantena, Miora Rakotomalala, Dina Randrianarisoa, and Nomena Ratsihorimanana—were detained during a protest advocating for the establishment of an election date. Their lawyer, Aliarivelo Maromanana, stated that they face charges of undermining state security and criminal conspiracy, claims the activists vehemently deny. Maromanana expressed concern over the lack of evidence to support these accusations.
The coup leader, Colonel Michael Randrianirina, assumed power amidst a wave of youth-led protests, marking a significant shift in Madagascar’s governance. However, with the recent arrests, there is a growing sentiment among young people that the change may not lead to the promised reforms. When contacted about the situation, presidential spokesperson Harry Laurent Rahajason defended the actions of the national police, asserting the independence of the judiciary.
Disillusionment with the New Government
While two of the arrested activists have since been released and treated in hospital, Herizo remains in custody. The situation escalated when an additional two activists were arrested shortly thereafter, further compounding the unrest. Prior to these incidents, many young people had celebrated the ousting of former president Andry Rajoelina, but disappointment has taken root as Randrianirina’s administration appears to mirror the old regime.
Observers note that the new government’s appointments have raised eyebrows, as many officials are viewed as remnants of the previous corrupt elite. The lack of substantial economic reforms and the regime’s increasing ties with Russia have left many questioning the sincerity of the military government’s commitment to change.
Calls for Transparency and Reform
The recent turmoil has prompted warnings from civil society leaders regarding the erosion of fundamental freedoms. Ketakandriana Rafitoson, a board member of Transparency International Madagascar, expressed concern over the government’s approach, stating, “This is a pattern we saw under the previous administration and one that many hoped would be broken with the transition.” The recent protests were perceived as a litmus test for the new regime, which many believe has failed to meet expectations.
Despite the unrest, the military government has made claims of investigating corruption, with an estimated 3,811 billion ariary (£679 million) linked to these allegations. This has been met with scepticism from activists and the general populace, who demand more than just promises of accountability.
The Economic Context
Madagascar, an island nation renowned for its biodiversity and natural resources, has long struggled with political instability and economic challenges. With a GDP per capita of just $545 (£403) in 2024, it was ranked as the fifth poorest country globally, grappling with issues exacerbated by climate change and systemic corruption. Following a series of protests sparked by local service outages, many young people feel that the new regime has failed to address basic needs effectively.
Elliot Randriamandrato, a leader within the Gen Z Madagasikara movement, voiced his frustration over the current lack of reforms, asserting that “there’s no real clarity or visible change.” His group is particularly focused on the need for electoral reform, suggesting that the current system favours the wealthy, thus perpetuating inequality.
Concerns of Foreign Influence
As tensions rise, there are growing fears regarding the influence of foreign powers in Madagascar’s political sphere. Following Randrianirina’s visit to Moscow in February, the military regime has received military aid from Russia, including trucks and helicopters. This has raised alarm among local activists, who worry about potential state capture by foreign interests. Shely Andriamihaja, a member of Gen Z Madagasikara, emphasised the importance of national sovereignty, rejecting the notion that foreign military support is a solution to Madagascar’s challenges.
In response to questions regarding the presence of Russian personnel within Randrianirina’s presidential guard, Rahajason deflected, questioning why such international assistance is scrutinised when similar support is accepted in other contexts.
Why it Matters
The situation in Madagascar is emblematic of the broader struggles facing young democracies in the face of entrenched corruption and foreign influence. As the Gen Z generation grapples with disillusionment and frustration, their calls for meaningful reforms reflect a critical juncture in Madagascar’s political journey. The outcome of these tensions will not only shape the future of the nation but may also influence similar movements across the region, highlighting the delicate balance between hope and despair in the quest for genuine democracy.
