In a significant move that could reshape the United Kingdom’s governance, Prime Minister Andy Burnham has put forth a compelling case for the establishment of a written constitution, arguing that his devolution strategy necessitates such a fundamental change. As the UK grapples with an antiquated political framework, Burnham’s vision seeks to decentralise power, enabling regional leaders to have greater control over their finances and decision-making processes.
The Call for Constitutional Change
During a recent address, Burnham highlighted that the ongoing programme of decentralisation strengthens the argument for a codified constitution. He maintained that for true equity and opportunity to flourish across the nation, it is imperative to reassess and reform the existing governance structures. The UK stands out as one of the few major democracies without a documented constitution—a crucial framework detailing how a country operates under a consistent set of principles.
Burnham stated, “It will increase the case for a constitution because Britain is changing through this, England is certainly changing through this.” He posits that the need for a written constitution is becoming more pressing as the political landscape evolves, particularly with his administration’s commitment to ensure “good growth in every postcode.”
Radical Devolution Measures
The Prime Minister’s recent announcement of further devolution measures reflects a marked departure from the UK’s historically centralised political system. His initiative aims to transfer significant powers from Whitehall to local authorities and mayors, a process Burnham refers to as a “rewiring” of governance. This shift is expected to take shape through a programme dubbed No 10 North, which aims to empower regional leaders and enhance local decision-making.
Experts, including Tim Bale, a professor of politics at Queen Mary University of London, note that introducing a written constitution would represent a monumental shift in British governance. Bale remarked that such changes typically arise from significant societal upheaval, and the complexities of implementing these reforms alongside Burnham’s broader agenda—including social care and public utility control—remain uncertain.
Lessons from Abroad
Burnham’s inspiration for a written constitution draws from Germany’s postwar Grundgesetz, which mandates equitable living standards across its states. This model emphasises the redistribution of resources from wealthier areas to support less affluent regions, a principle that resonates with his vision for the UK. Under the proposed devolution framework, by early 2028, regional mayors will be allowed to retain a portion of the income tax generated within their jurisdictions. This shift is expected to enable economic powerhouses like London and Greater Manchester to contribute to the financial wellbeing of less prosperous areas, such as Hull and East Yorkshire.
Dr Hannah White, the chief executive of the Institute for Government, supports Burnham’s proposition, stating, “Adopting a written constitution would represent a very significant constitutional shift for the UK.” However, she cautions that a fully codified constitution would require comprehensive rules governing all aspects of the UK’s political structure, extending far beyond the scope of devolution.
The Challenge Ahead
The road to a written constitution is fraught with obstacles. Implementing such a change would necessitate extensive political negotiation and public engagement, as well as overcoming the entrenched interests that benefit from the current system. Burnham’s vision for a more equitable political landscape stands in stark contrast to the UK’s historical reluctance to embrace such fundamental reform.
In his 2024 publication, “Head North,” co-authored with Liverpool city region mayor Steve Rotheram, Burnham articulates a vision for dismantling entrenched inequality, which he attributes in part to the country’s failure to clarify its governance rules. He argues that the lack of a written constitution has concentrated power within a limited elite, undermining democratic principles.
Why it Matters
The potential adoption of a written constitution represents more than a mere administrative change; it signifies a shift in the very fabric of British democracy. If Burnham’s proposals gain traction, they could establish a framework that promotes fairness and accountability in governance, ensuring that power is more equitably distributed across the nation. This could pave the way for a more inclusive political climate, ultimately addressing the deep-rooted inequalities that have long plagued the UK. The implications of such a transformation could resonate for generations, redefining the relationship between citizens and the state in fundamental ways.
