As the sun shines brighter, many of us dutifully reach for sunscreen to protect our skin from harmful UV rays. However, for some, the experience can be unexpectedly uncomfortable, with complaints of stinging or burning sensations common. Dermatologists stress that this discomfort is not a reason to abandon sun protection—rather, it highlights the importance of understanding which products work best for our unique skin types.
Understanding Sunscreen Reactions
“Not all sunscreens are created equal,” explains Dr Sungat Grewal, a double board-certified dermatologist and co-director of the UCSF Dermatology Laser & Cosmetic Center. The variance in formulation means that two products boasting the same SPF can feel dramatically different on the skin.
Dr Aditi Senthilnathan, a board-certified dermatologist at the University of Pennsylvania’s Perelman School of Medicine, notes that complaints about sunscreen stinging are quite frequent. “We often hear about discomfort around the eyes, particularly after sweating,” she reveals. This can leave many wondering whether their sun-smart habits are worth the hassle.
Why Does Sunscreen Sting?
For a percentage of users, the irritation can stem from specific ingredients within the sunscreen. Alcohol-based formulas, or those containing certain UV filters and preservatives, can be particularly troublesome for individuals with sensitive skin. Dr Elizabeth Bahar Houshmand, a prominent dermatologist based in Dallas, Texas, highlights that non-active ingredients added for texture or fragrance can also cause discomfort.
Particular skin types are more susceptible to irritation. Those with rosacea, eczema-prone skin, and individuals undergoing acne treatments or using active skincare ingredients like retinoids or exfoliating acids may find themselves more sensitive to certain formulations. Over-cleansing or using multiple active products can compromise the skin barrier, leading to increased sensitivity.
Finding the Right Sunscreen
There are two main categories of sunscreen: chemical and physical (or mineral). Chemical sunscreens, which include ingredients like oxybenzone and avobenzone, work by absorbing UV rays. In contrast, physical sunscreens, made with minerals such as zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, reflect UV light away from the skin.
If you experience stinging, switching to a fragrance-free, alcohol-free physical sunscreen may be beneficial. Dr Senthilnathan suggests that zinc oxide and titanium dioxide are less likely to cause irritation. Additionally, using a water-resistant formula can help prevent the product from running into your eyes when you sweat.
For those who still experience discomfort, applying a gentle moisturiser before sunscreen can act as a barrier, enhancing comfort. However, if you encounter severe reactions such as rashes, swelling, or persistent burning, it’s essential to consult a board-certified dermatologist for professional guidance.
Ensuring Sunscreen Effectiveness
While finding the right sunscreen is crucial, application is equally important. Experts recommend a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30, which blocks approximately 97% of UV rays. For effective coverage, adults should apply two finger lengths of sunscreen on the face and neck, and a shot glass amount for the body.
The ideal time to apply sunscreen is 15 minutes before sun exposure, with reapplications needed every two hours, or sooner after swimming or sweating. Dr Houshmand emphasises that sunscreen should be part of a broader sun protection strategy, which includes seeking shade and wearing protective clothing such as wide-brimmed hats and sunglasses.
Why it Matters
Understanding the nuances of sunscreen formulations and their effects on our skin is essential for maintaining both sun safety and comfort. With the right knowledge and precautions, we can ensure that our sun protection routines are effective without the discomfort of irritation. As summer approaches, prioritising the selection of suitable sunscreens not only enhances our enjoyment of outdoor activities but also safeguards our skin against the long-term consequences of sun exposure.