In a significant ecological project, Gros Morne National Park in western Newfoundland is witnessing the planting of thousands of trees aimed at rehabilitating its landscapes, once heavily impacted by an overabundant moose population. Since the beginning of 2023, approximately 730,000 saplings have been planted, with plans to increase that number to 1.25 million over the next three years.
Reviving the Forests
Darroch Whitaker, an ecosystems scientist with Parks Canada, is leading this ambitious initiative aimed at restoring areas that have been transformed into grasslands by the insatiable appetite of moose. Historically, the park’s moose population soared to unsustainable levels, with estimates suggesting about 6,500 moose roamed the park in the 1990s—some areas recorded densities of six moose per square kilometre.
Whitaker recalls, “We were observing some of the highest densities of moose ever recorded globally. They were present everywhere—roaming roads, wandering through towns, and lounging on hiking trails.” This unchecked population led to the depletion of young trees, which are crucial for forest regeneration.
A Sustainable Approach to Planting
The current tree-planting efforts are not merely focused on replacing lost trees; they are strategically designed to create diverse and resilient forests. Whitaker emphasises the importance of choosing a mix of tree species that can thrive in shifting climate conditions. “The trees we plant today must endure for decades,” he noted. “We need to consider the climate projections far into the future.”
The park, established in 1973 and stretching over 1,805 square kilometres, is renowned for its stunning fjords and boreal forests, but its ecological balance has been disrupted. To revive these ecosystems, the team is integrating species like yellow birch, white pine, and wild cherry, which are sourced from the park’s southern regions. This selection aims to ensure that the new trees are better suited for the warmer temperatures anticipated in future decades.
The Role of Moose Management
Following a hunting ban that allowed the moose population to flourish unchecked, measures were taken in 2011 to control their numbers, effectively reducing the population to around 2,000 animals. This reduction has facilitated the restoration of the park’s biodiversity, as tree planters began reintroducing saplings into areas once dominated by moose meadows—bald patches where young trees could not survive due to overgrazing.
At the Rocky Harbour tree nursery, saplings are nurtured before being planted. On a recent visit, Whitaker and a colleague inspected trays of young red maples and other species, ensuring they were free from pests that could undermine their growth.
Looking to the Future
The ongoing project not only aims to restore the park’s forests but also to create ecosystems that can withstand the inevitable impacts of climate change. Whitaker highlights the importance of proactive measures, stating, “A tree can’t migrate on its own. They can’t adapt at the same rate as the climate, and so they may need a helping hand.”
As this restoration effort continues, Gros Morne National Park stands as a testament to the delicate balance between nature and human intervention, illustrating the critical steps needed to safeguard our environment for future generations.
Why it Matters
The ecological restoration of Gros Morne National Park is a crucial step towards addressing the challenges posed by climate change and overpopulation of species. By planting a diverse range of trees adapted for future climates, this initiative not only aims to revive the park’s forests but also serves as a model for conservation efforts worldwide. Such proactive measures are vital in the fight against biodiversity loss, ensuring that ecosystems remain resilient and vibrant for years to come.
