The enchanting world of tarot cards, which began as a simple card game in 15th-century Italy, has dramatically evolved into a powerful tool of divination embraced by countless individuals today. A new exhibition titled *Tarot!* at The Morgan Library & Museum in New York meticulously traces this transformative journey while showcasing the artistry of more than two dozen contemporary creators. Amidst a surge in popularity—particularly during the pandemic—this exhibition not only highlights tarot’s rich history but also its deep-rooted connection to modern artistic expression.
From Game to Occult Icon
Initially, tarot cards were merely instruments for a card game enjoyed by the affluent in Renaissance Italy. It wasn’t until they crossed into France during the 18th century that they began to acquire mysterious and occult associations. Claire Gilman, who curated the show’s Modern Visions section, notes that the tarot’s unique ability to blend tradition with innovation is a significant factor in its lasting appeal. “There is so much continuity,” she remarked, “but there is also a tremendous amount of change and transformation.”
The exhibition opens with a remarkable display of the oldest surviving deck, the Visconti-Sforza, which showcases the exquisite craftsmanship of hand-painted cards. Co-curator Joshua O’Driscoll explains that these early tarot decks represent not just a game but an intricate art form that required mastery in various artistic practices. “They stand at the very beginning of the tarot pictorial tradition,” he stated, emphasising their historical and artistic significance.
Artistic Evolution Through the Ages
The Visconti-Sforza deck serves as a striking reminder of tarot’s artistic heritage. Despite being nearly 600 years old, O’Driscoll asserts that anyone familiar with contemporary tarot will find the imagery recognisable. The transition from a card game to a symbol of personal reflection and spiritual guidance mirrors broader cultural shifts.
The Rider-Waite-Smith deck, introduced in 1909, marked a pivotal moment in tarot history. This deck was revolutionary in its inclusion of illustrated minor arcana cards, which had previously lacked distinct imagery. Gilman believes this innovation played a critical role in the deck’s widespread acclaim. “It really enhances the mystery built into these cards,” she explained, highlighting their accessibility and the depth of storytelling they invite.
The 1960s and 70s saw an explosion of tarot decks, influenced by artists such as Aleister Crowley and David Palladini, leading to a diverse array of new interpretations. Gilman notes that while the number of decks published in those decades was modest compared to today’s prolific output, they laid the groundwork for a vibrant tarot culture.
The Surrealist Influence and Modern Interpretations
The *Tarot!* exhibition features notable contributions from Surrealist artists like Ithell Colquhoun, whose deck is celebrated as the first fully abstract tarot. “Tarot as Color” assigns hues to each suit, offering a visually captivating experience. Similarly, Argentine artist Xul Solar brings a rich tapestry of influences to his hand-painted tarot deck, which incorporates Mesoamerican references and reflects his encounters with mystics like Crowley.
Renowned figures such as Leonora Carrington and Remedios Varo also make their mark in the exhibition, using tarot as a vehicle for exploring deeper existential themes. Gilman highlights that for these artists, the tarot serves not merely as a deck but as a source of inspiration that challenges conventional understandings of reality.
As tarot has surged in popularity, especially during the pandemic, Gilman observes a significant shift in public perception. “The arcana are so universal,” she asserts, pointing to the broad appeal of concepts like justice and love, which resonate across cultures. This universality has helped tarot cement its place in contemporary life, providing solace and guidance to many navigating the complexities of the modern world.
Why it Matters
The *Tarot!* exhibition at The Morgan Library & Museum is not just a celebration of a card game turned mystical tool; it is a testament to the power of art and symbolism in understanding the human experience. By intertwining history, creativity, and spirituality, the exhibition invites us to reflect on how these ancient cards continue to speak to our present-day struggles and aspirations. In a time marked by uncertainty, tarot’s resurgence offers a unique lens through which individuals can explore their paths, fostering a sense of connection and community amidst an ever-changing landscape.
