As Zambia prepares to cast its votes, the political landscape is overshadowed by the enduring legacy of former president Edgar Lungu. Current president Hakainde Hichilema, who is seeking re-election after his decisive victory in 2021, finds himself in a contentious battle that reflects deep-seated rivalries within Zambian politics, particularly with the family and supporters of Lungu, who passed away in June 2025.
A Political Duel Rooted in Grief
Hakainde Hichilema, aged 64, is under immense pressure as he campaigns for a second term amidst a backdrop of unresolved tensions following Lungu’s death. The rivalry between the two men has not only affected their families but has also permeated the broader political atmosphere, leading to legal confrontations surrounding Lungu’s burial arrangements. The Zambian government sought to intervene in the funeral proceedings, insisting that Hichilema should not preside over a state funeral, a request that was quashed by South Africa’s Supreme Court of Appeal, which sided with Lungu’s family.
The emotional weight of these events looms large over the election, as both Hichilema and his challenger, Brian Mundubile of the Tonse Alliance, navigate the complex sentiments surrounding Lungu’s legacy. Mundubile, who served as chief whip under Lungu, has pledged to ensure Lungu receives a dignified burial, resonating with voters who place significant cultural importance on how the deceased are treated.
Allegations of Authoritarianism and Political Rhetoric
The Tonse Alliance has accused Hichilema of resorting to authoritarian tactics during the campaign, alleging that his government has suppressed dissent by raiding opposition offices and detaining members of Mundubile’s team. These claims have sparked fierce denials from Hichilema’s administration, which highlights the oppressive tactics employed against Hichilema during his own opposition years under Lungu. A spokesperson for the ruling United Party for National Development stated, “Zambians know what repression looks like,” contrasting the current political climate with the previous administration’s heavy-handedness.
However, reports from Transparency International Zambia indicate that police interventions have predominantly targeted opposition gatherings, leading to accusations of bias. Tamika Halwiindi, a coordinator at the organisation, noted that disruptions often arise under the guise of safety concerns, disproportionately affecting opposition and independent candidates. This dynamic complicates Hichilema’s position as he attempts to portray himself as a champion of democratic freedoms while facing allegations of his own.
Economic Stability Amidst Rising Costs
Despite the political turbulence, Hichilema’s government has seen some economic achievements since the debt crisis of 2020, which was marked by a default under Lungu’s leadership. Inflation has been reduced to 6.5%, a marked improvement from the staggering 24.6% recorded in July 2021. The administration has also made strides in education, introducing free primary and secondary schooling in 2022.
Yet, the economic narrative is not without its challenges. Hichilema recently announced a 50% increase in accommodation allowances for university students, a move aimed at winning over the youth vote. Nevertheless, the rising cost of living poses a significant challenge. Although the average annual income has increased from $1,127 to $1,318 between 2021 and 2025, many citizens are questioning why economic growth has not translated into tangible improvements in their daily lives. Mputa Ngalande of the Fight Inequality Alliance highlighted the struggle for basic necessities, stating, “It is very difficult to access three meals a day.”
The Landscape of Voter Sentiment
As nearly 8.8 million registered voters prepare to make their voices heard, the outcome of this election may hinge on the electorate’s perceptions of both Hichilema’s leadership and the historical context of Lungu’s tenure. The juxtaposition of economic recovery against the realities faced by ordinary Zambians will be pivotal in shaping voter sentiment.
The upcoming elections represent not only a referendum on Hichilema’s administration but also a deeper examination of Zambia’s political identity in the wake of Lungu’s legacy. The electorate is poised at a crossroads, where the past is inextricably linked to the future.
Why it Matters
The election is a critical juncture for Zambia, as it grapples with the complexities of its political past while striving for a stable and prosperous future. Hichilema’s ability to navigate the turbulent waters of public sentiment, overshadowed by the legacy of Edgar Lungu, will determine not only his political fate but also the trajectory of Zambia’s democratic evolution. As citizens weigh their options at the ballot box, the implications of their choices will resonate far beyond the immediate political landscape, shaping the nation’s identity for years to come.