As Zambians prepare to cast their votes on Thursday, the shadow of former President Edgar Lungu looms large over the electoral landscape. Current President Hakainde Hichilema, aged 64, is seeking re-election after a decisive victory over Lungu in 2021. However, the political rivalry that defined their relationship continues to reverberate through the nation, particularly after Lungu’s death in June 2025. This election not only highlights the ongoing feud between their families but also the challenges facing Hichilema’s administration amid economic transformation.
The Lingering Feud
Hichilema’s journey to the presidency was marked by a fierce rivalry with Lungu, which has persisted even beyond Lungu’s passing. The tensions reached a peak when the Zambian government attempted to prevent Lungu’s family from holding a private burial, insisting that Hichilema should preside over a state funeral. In a pivotal ruling, South Africa’s Supreme Court upheld the family’s wishes, allowing them to proceed with the burial without governmental interference.
This feud has become a focal point in the current electoral campaign. Hichilema is now facing the Tonse Alliance, spearheaded by Brian Mundubile, a former chief whip under Lungu. Mundubile’s running mate, Makebi Zulu, actively represented Lungu’s family during the burial dispute, and together, they have pledged to ensure that Lungu is returned to Zambia for a respectful burial. Such promises resonate deeply in a society where the handling of the deceased is of paramount importance, a sentiment echoed by Christopher Vandome, a senior research fellow at Chatham House.
Allegations of Authoritarianism
The political climate in Zambia has raised concerns regarding the fairness of the electoral process. The Tonse Alliance has accused Hichilema’s government of employing authoritarian tactics, alleging that police have raided their offices and detained members of their campaign team. Hichilema’s administration vehemently denies these allegations, contending that Zambians are well aware of true political repression, referencing the numerous arrests he faced during Lungu’s presidency.
Despite this, reports from Transparency International Zambia indicate that police have disrupted opposition rallies, with Tamika Halwiindi noting that these interruptions appear disproportionately targeted at opposition groups. Activists have also reported a crackdown on peaceful demonstrations, further complicating the political atmosphere as the elections approach.
Economic Progress and Challenges
Since Hichilema took office, Zambia’s economy has shown signs of recovery following a debt crisis that peaked in 2020. Current inflation stands at 6.5%, a significant drop from the 24.6% recorded in July 2021. The government has made strides in social policy, such as making primary and secondary education free in 2022, and has attracted foreign investment due to its rich copper deposits—an essential resource for green technologies.
However, despite these advancements, economic hardships persist for many Zambians. While average annual incomes have increased modestly, the cost of living has surged, leaving citizens questioning the tangible benefits of economic recovery. Activists like Mputa Ngalande have highlighted the stark contrast between reported economic success and the daily struggles faced by ordinary Zambians, who often find it challenging to secure basic necessities.
Election Stakes and Young Voters
Hichilema has sought to engage younger voters through promises of social support, including a recent announcement to increase student accommodation allowances by 50%. This move is aimed at securing the support of the approximately 8.8 million registered voters who will also be selecting Members of Parliament and local councillors alongside the presidential election.
However, the electorate remains wary. Many are asking why, amidst reported economic growth, their day-to-day realities seem unchanged. The upcoming elections will serve as a litmus test for Hichilema’s policies and their impact on the average citizen.
Why it Matters
The outcome of this election will not only determine the future leadership of Zambia but also shape the nation’s political landscape for years to come. Hichilema’s ability to navigate the complexities of his predecessor’s legacy, combined with the pressing economic challenges, will be crucial in determining whether he can secure a second term. As Zambia stands at this crossroads, the decisions made by voters will resonate beyond its borders, influencing regional stability and economic prospects in Southern Africa.
